Evidence tiers
Every entry carries one of four tiers: Approved medicine (regulator-approved somewhere), Clinical-stage (formal human trials, no universal approval), Preclinical (animal and cell studies dominate), or Minimal evidence (claims rest on anecdote or theory). Tiers describe evidence, not promise.
Source hierarchy
In order: regulator labels (FDA/EMA and equivalents), peer-reviewed clinical trials, ClinicalTrials.gov registrations, peer-reviewed preclinical literature, then — flagged as such — observational and anecdotal reporting. Marketing material is never a source.
Safety summaries
For approved medicines, safety sections reflect the labeled adverse effects and warnings. For everything else, we say what is known (usually little), what is unknown (usually a lot), and why "research use only" is a category, not a safety rating.
Corrections and updates
Entries carry a last-reviewed date. Material corrections are made in place with the date updated; readers can report errors via the contact page. Where the literature moves — trial results, approvals, withdrawals — the entry moves with it.
Conflicts of interest
We sell nothing, take no industry funding, and link to no vendors. The only commercial elements on this site are clearly separated sponsored placements, which have no influence on entry content.
Evidence tier: Approved medicine · Last reviewed: 2026-09-05 · Sources cited below.